GƯƠM BÁU TRAO TAY _ Handing Down the Precious Sword (Song ngữ)

[trantu]

But not the old Tôn! Bestowed with a third eye, he only needed to open ferociously his eyes to see beyond forms and take hold of people’s inner selves or their true nature! The Buddha repeated endlessly: “Don’t see me by forms, don’t follow me by sounds”! Nowadays people are cheating each other a bit too… frequently. The crafty swindles the naïve one. Advertising is sweet to the ears, marketing is pleasant to the eyes. At time, it is advisable to widely open one’s third eye!

The point is “giving without fixation on appearance, without dwelling on [the giver, the receiver and the act of giving]”. It is not about “not giving”.
Giving must be, needs to be maintained and still is necessary. “If you cannot feed one hundred persons, then just feed one of them” (Mother Theresa). One should give in the way that brings happiness to everybody, freeing them from anxiety and fear. This is this way of giving that the Buddha entrusted the Bodhisattva to teach this sutra to others, even with just “one stanza of four lines”.

Such is the “Perfection of Generosity” and the other perfections are likewise. “One must not dwell on anything while giving”, then one must not dwell on anything while practice the perfection of Ethics, not dwell on anything while practice the perfection of Forbearance, etc… One should not be attached to, nor seize upon anything not only while giving, but also when holding precepts. It is not easy! Because it is not easy that one must practice and train oneself for a long time!

[trantu]

6. A mind of no place to dwell on…

Once I asked a monk “Does the sentence “to dwell nowhere to generate a mind” is the most wonderful one in the Diamond Sutra?”, he gently answered “no, in the Diamond Sutra, every sentence is wonderful!”.

Indeed, I gradually realize that every word in the Diamond Sutra is wonderful, and they seem to be more and more so, above all… when they are, as Edward Conze said, applied to our everyday life. The way they were written and expounded is precise and closely woven, convincing and, in brief …attractive! I have been attracted to the Diamond Sutra as previously was attracted to the Heart Sutra. It seems that the Heart Sutra – a discourse addressed to Sariputra (the Buddha’s disciple foremost in wisdom and insight) was an ultimate answer to the “why”, with a theoretical outlook; as to the Diamond Sutra, expounded to Subhuti (the Buddha’s disciple foremost in Emptiness understanding, formerly quick tempered and irascible but now excelled in pure conduct and in being free from all passions), was meant to answer the “how” in order to guide the practice. These instructions obviously were aimed at the Buddha’s great disciples or at the monastics and not at us, so… small wonder if we are puzzled, bewildered or confused. However, being puzzled, bewildered or confused has its good points.

Thanks to these states, we’ll strive to penetrate, to discover and take part in the process of brooding on or experiencing what we are studying, and if it seems trustworthy to us, we can apply it in our daily life in order to solve countless of our inflictions or entanglements. Isn’t that nice? For example the sentence “to dwell nowhere to generate a mind” is well known to everyone, and everyone mouths it as a mantra when they need some… comfort, or when they are wearied, grieved. It was also the sentence that the 6th Patriarch Hue Nang had eavesdropped more than 1000 years ago and attained the Great Enlightenment, so it’s worth our serious pondering isn’t it! Do not dwell anywhere to give rise to a happy, joyful, contented mind, free from “all ills and suffering”. Is it really so?

[trantu]

Don’t dwell on anything. Dwell on nothing? Hum… that seems reasonable! When I watched a football match of two unfamiliar teams, I praised and enjoyed every fine goals or shootings, but if one of those teams happened to be “mine” (if I am their fan), then I’d be anxious, put out and annoyed with each shot, each player or referee! I’d curse, bellow or shout out then gloat over the success of my team, or grieve or bemoan if it lost the game. I’d have no desire to eat or to sleep because of that beloved… wretched team!
Two Zen students met a young girl at a deep bend of a river, and she was embarrassed, not knowing how to cross it. One of the student took on him to carry her on his back and crossed the river. On their way back to the temple, the other monk asked:

– How come that a monk can be so rash as to carry such a beautiful girl on his back?
– Dear me! I put her down long ago, why is that you are still carrying her?

There are many ways to carry. To carry a girl on one’s back is one of them, but to carry her in one’s mind is another. The girl was put down but the tantalizing thought of her still lingered on, may be would follow us well onto our dreams! The first monk saw a girl as a girl that needed help, so he helped her. But the second monk saw a … beautiful girl, worriedly wondered if it was proper to help her, if he’d thus break the rules, and who know, maybe he sadly wanted to know if it was the “fate” that brought them together! The longer one carries the wearier one feels, and the sooner one gets a hunched back. But it’s far from easy to put down! The younger sister Nghi Lâm (in one of Kim Dung’s martial novels) had carried the injured elder brother Lệnh Hồ just once but for a long time afterwards still carried him in her mind! Therefore, it is not easy to “Generate a mind that should not dwell anywhere”!

The Buddha taught that if one wants to “dwell on nowhere”, one must discard the forms, drop out all the complicated outward shows or go beyond the phenomenon’s appearance to reach the true nature inside. Discard all appearances and you are qualified to be called a Buddha. “If you can see that all forms are formless, then you’ve perceived the Tathagata!” But how to “discard”? Many go to seek refuge in caves on the mountains to discard worldly things! But they are not at peace because their minds are still disquieting. Clearly the point here is not to flee, because how can one run from one’s mind when it is all but pacified? But once it is, where is not a refuge, a cave? So one can say that if one can manage to “discard the form” from the outside to the inside, one achieves quite a transformation from quantity to quality.

[trantu]

“Therefore Subhuti, all Bodhisattvas, lesser and great, should develop a pure, lucid mind, not depending on sound, flavour… A Bodhisattva should develop a mind which alights upon nothing whatsoever; and so should he establish it!”

This is the way, Subhuti, the way in which Bodhisattvas must work to have a pure and lucid mind. Which way? He must leave behind all forms, and no longer discriminate ego, personality, being and life span! He must discard all kinds of phenomena and avoid being blinded by or tangled up in words or concepts, like an enmeshed fish, no matter how much it struggles, it cannot escape from the net! The great Bodhisattva practiced the virtue of giving in a new way: they gave without attachment; they practiced the virtue of discipline, the virtue of forbearance in a new way, and of course they attained a new kind of insight, in the prajnaparamita way: gone, gone beyond, gone altogether beyond!

It is said in the Vimalakirtinirdesa Sutra that once, in a gathering of Bodhisattvas, they were showered with flowers, like nowadays people throw confetti at their idols. Most of the persons present were covered with flowers, except the Great Bodhisattvas. Remember: the Great Bodhisattva! As for… incipient or lesser Bodhisattvas, it does not matter if they have a few confetti stuck on their persons. They can take a while to get rid of them. No need to hurry. The Diamond Sutra packed this in few but very eloquent sentences: Great Bodhisattvas are those who really have nothing to obtain, nothing to do. The word “really” can startle us. They understood that the Buddha’s teaching was the raft which allowed them to cross the river, and the Buddha’s finger helped them to see the moon, but was not the moon itself. In short, they did not dwell anywhere altogether, nor were they caught up anywhere. They have nowhere to dwell anymore, except the carefree, unimpeded state: [that of] the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Carefree Observance…coursing deeply in the Prajna Paramita…!

[trantu]

“Facing the world with a mind that is empty, what use is Zen?” (Đối cảnh vô tâm mạc vấn Thiền). The Trúc Lâm Zen school patriarch had mentioned about this empty mind some 700 years ago and the 6th patriarch Huệ Năng, more than 1300 years, had also broached the notion of “no thought” or “beyond the thinking”.

It is obvious that empty mind does not mean blank mind, no more than no thought means without any thought. Both terms in fact only describe a clear, pure, impartial and not clinging, grasping mind. Trần Nhân Tông still descended from his mountain to repel the Yuan army’s invasion, and after defeating them, went back to it to resume his monk life, free of all clinging. As for Huệ Năng, after enlightenment, still mingled with hunters during several decades to train himself and to help others. Therefore, one can generate a mind, so long as it is a good, beneficial one to oneself and to others. “Do not generate a mind that dwell somewhere” also means “Do not dwell anywhere but… do generate a mind”! There is no point in extinguishing it, destroying it or eradicating it and turn impassive as pebbles and stone or into an absolute half-witted! And “Later on, even pebbles and stones still need to be together!” (Ngày sau sỏi đá cũng cần có nhau) as said Trịnh Công Sơn.

Subhuti asked eagerly: “World Honored One ! What should the sutra named? How should we study and hold it?”
The Buddha said: “This sutra name is Vajra Prajna Paramita!”
But it seemed that after saying this, the Buddha gave a start: “beware, they would cling to [the name] and be done for!” So he went on “Prajna Paramita is not Prajna Paramita therefore is called Prajna Paramita!’